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UK regulator PSR plans cap on cross-border card fees

The Payment Systems Regulator is pushing ahead with plans to introduce a price cap on the fees Visa and Mastercard charge UK merchants when European shoppers make online purchases.

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UK regulator PSR plans cap on cross-border card fees

Editorial

This content has been selected, created and edited by the Finextra editorial team based upon its relevance and interest to our community.

Over the course of 2021 and 2022, Mastercard and Visa raised their cross-border interchange fees fivefold from 0.2% to 1.15% for debit cards and 0.3% to 1.5% for credit cards. This post-Brexit increase, says the PSR, is costing businesses £150-200 million extra per year.

As the PSR publishes its final report into the issue, the watchdog's MD, David Geale, says: "Our findings confirm that, due to a lack of competition, Mastercard and Visa were able to raise cross-border interchange fees to an unduly high level, costing UK businesses hundreds of millions of pounds."

In response, the PSR is launching a consultation on a price cap that wold come in two stages. A short-term, interim cap on fees could see fees set at the levels that were in place before the schemes raised them. The PSR says it is open to other options.

During the interim cap, further analysis will be conducted to determine an appropriate methodology and level for a longer lasting solution.

In a statement, Mastercard says it welcomes the PSR's willingness to collaborate and that it will continue to engage, but warns: "Artificial controls on interchange do not reflect the commercial reality of today’s market and, if not set at the right level, can negatively impact the value people and businesses receive from card payments."

However, Chris Owen from the British Retail Consortium, welcomed the move: "The Payment Systems Regulator has confirmed what businesses have long known - that the cards payment market is broken and needs fixing...The proposed price cap to address this is welcomed by the retail industry."

Earlier this year, the PSR stepped back from capping Visa and Mastercard charges for UK payments, despite competition concerns and sharp increases in processing fees.

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Comments: (1)

Jeremy Light

Jeremy Light Co-founder at Fourdotzero

The only competition in credit and debit card fees is in the network fees that card issuers (usually banks) pay to access the card networks, dominated by Visa and Mastercard. Card issuers have to decide whether to issue Visa or Mastercard cards, or one of the smaller card network brands.

Interchange fees distort this competition, as they are paid by the acquirer, recouped from the merchant and set by the network. The interchange an issuer receives is usually a multiple of the network fee they pay, so naturally they go for the card network which sets the highest interchange (there are other, lesser factors such as incentive refunds networks may give to the issuer).

There is no competition for card networks on the acquiring side, merchants have little choice but to accept at least Visa and Mastercard and their acquirer needs to pay the card network fees, at whatever level they are set, for all the networks they use. Acquirers' only incentive is to scale their business to maximise their card network volumes to get better network fees which are typically tiered on volume.

The cap on interchange fees is a good start in limiting the distortion to competition but the PSR should be more radical and eliminate the competition distortion to encourage growth in other networks, alternative payment methods and innovation - i.e. ban interchange fees altogether, allow networks to charge whatever network (access) fee they wish but ensure that the network fee for acquirers is no higher than that for issuers.

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