Key Patterns to Identify a Stock Market Bull Run

Although stock market analysts and advisors can often provide investors with strong trading signals, one of the most reliable methods for early identification of a bull market in stocks is the data-only approach of analyzing trade data patterns. 
To analyze stock data patterns, the investor would need access to historical stock data (going back at least six months) such as FirstRate Data or QuantQuote, as well as a charting and analysis package such as MetaTrader, NinjaTrader, or Tableau.

Here is a brief overview of the most reliable chart patterns to help identify an early bull market. 

1. Sustained Break Above Moving Averages

The day-to-day choppiness of price moves can often obscure a solid underlying trend. This is the key benefit of moving-average analysis which can identify a stock market momentum by aggregate price data over different time horizons. 

The most common setup is to use a  50/200-day moving-average (MA) windows. The longer 200-day MA line is the baseline for the market’s longer direction, the shorter 50-day MA line shows the market’s near-term direction. 

The key insight is that a 50-day MA line which is rising faster than the 200-day MA line is illustrative of increasing price momentum. Technical analysts will usually look for the signal of the 50-day line crossing and moving above the 200-day line as the trigger to purchase a stock. Conversely, the 50-day crossing the 200-day to the downside is a bearish signal.

2. Broad Market Participation

A healthy bull market is normally characterized by broad participation across multiple different sectors and stock sizes (eg mega-cap, small-cap etc). There are several key patterns that can be used to identify this : 

- Rising advance-decline ratios, indicating that more stocks are advancing than declining

- Increasing market breadth, with multiple sectors showing strength simultaneously

- Strong performance across both large-cap and small-cap indices

- Healthy trading volumes supporting price advances

When a broad-based index (such as the S&P500) moves due to strong price performance from a small number of stocks, it may indicate a fragile rally rather than a sustainable bull market. A good example of this is the  2021 stock rally during Covid which was concentrated in several ‘work-from-home’ and tech stocks and reversed strongly in mid-2022 when these stocks were viewed as having unsustainable valuations.

3. Positive Market Response to News

During bull markets, the interpretation of most news events is typically very positive even for negative news. This positive market psychology can best be seen when charting market pullbacks from earnings misses. 

When a company misses its earnings estimate the stock price typically has an immediate and sharp decline. During bull markets, these declines are normally quickly reversed with the stock recovering to its pre-earnings levels within a short timeframe. This is strongly indicative of a large pool of investors looking to buy stocks on price dips and is a signal of strong underlying demand for stocks which can underpin a stock rally. 

A useful rule-of-thumb is that a stock drawdown which is reversed within five trading days is indicative of strong underlying demand for the stock.

4. Healthy Volume Characteristics

Trading volumes are equally as important as the actual price moves and can give strong signals of the strength and direction of market moves. There are several specific features of trading volumes that can signal a strong underlying momentum in stock prices,  specifically:

- Higher volume on up days compared to down days

- Increasing volume as prices break through resistance levels

- Strong accumulation patterns visible in institutional buying

- Reduced volume during market pullbacks

These volume characteristics are indicative of institutional buying and sustained underlying demand for stocks, both key components of a lasting bull market. The pattern of higher volume on advances and lower volume on declines indicates strong hands are accumulating positions rather than distributing them.

5. Economic Backdrop Support

Bull markets rarely occur in isolation from broader economic trends. A sustainable bull market typically coincides with supportive economic patterns:

- Improving corporate earnings trends

- Favorable interest rate environment

- Positive GDP growth indicators

- Healthy employment data

- Stable or improving consumer confidence

The alignment of these economic factors with positive stock dynamics  provides the foundation for a sustained bull market. While stock prices can sometimes diverge from the economic data in the short term, lasting bull markets usually require support from underlying economic conditions.